How to Do Link Building: A Step-by-Step Guide for SEO

Most link building advice is either too vague to be useful ("create great content!") or too technical for anyone just starting out.

This guide sits in the middle.

It is a practical, step-by-step walkthrough of how link building actually works — from auditing your current profile to running outreach to measuring results. Whether you are doing it yourself or managing an agency, this is the process.

If you are still fuzzy on the basics, read what link building is first. Otherwise, let's get into it.


Step 1: Audit your current link profile

Before you build anything, you need to know where you stand.

Pull your current backlink data from Ahrefs, Semrush, or Moz. You want to understand:

  • How many referring domains you have — not just total links, but unique domains. 1,000 links from 10 websites is weaker than 200 links from 200 different websites.
  • The DR/DA range — are your links mostly from low-authority sites? Or do you have a handful of genuinely strong domains?
  • Topical relevance — are the sites linking to you actually in your industry, or are they a random mix?
  • Anchor text distribution — is it natural (branded, generic, some keywords), or suspiciously over-optimised?
  • Toxic links — any spammy links that should be disavowed?

Compare yourself against three to five direct competitors. Pull their backlink profiles and look at:

  • How many referring domains they have vs you
  • Which websites are linking to them but not you (these are your targets)
  • What content of theirs is earning the most links

This gap analysis tells you roughly how much work is ahead of you and which types of sites you should be pursuing.


Step 2: Set your targets

Random link building produces random results. You need a clear picture of what you are aiming for.

Domain Rating targets

If your site is at DR 20, links from DR 50+ sites will move the needle. If you are already at DR 60, you need to be more selective — focus on DR 70+ or highly relevant sites at lower DR.

Do not obsess over the number too much. A DR 30 site in your exact niche with real editorial standards and real traffic is often worth more than a DR 50 site that is basically a paid post farm.

Relevance targets

Define the types of websites that should logically link to you:

  • Industry publications and trade media
  • Associations and membership organisations in your space
  • Complementary businesses (not direct competitors)
  • University departments or research groups related to your topic
  • Local business directories and chambers of commerce (if you have a local angle)
  • Government or NGO resource pages where relevant

The more specific you are about who should link to you, the more focused your prospecting becomes.

Anchor text targets

Natural anchor text profiles look roughly like this:

  • 30–40% branded anchors (your company name, website URL)
  • 20–30% generic anchors ("click here", "read more", "this article")
  • 20–30% topically relevant but not exact-match ("link building guide", "SEO tips")
  • 10–20% partial-match or exact-match keyword anchors

If you are starting from nothing, you have more flexibility. If you have an existing profile, check what you already have before trying to add more keyword-heavy anchors.


Step 3: Choose your tactics

There is no single "right" way to build links. You choose tactics based on your industry, your content, your budget, and how much time you have.

Here are the main ones and when to use each.

Outreach to resource pages

Resource pages are pages on other websites that exist specifically to link out to useful content in a given topic area. They are often titled things like "Useful resources," "Further reading," or "Tools and guides."

These pages are gold because the webmaster already wants to link out. Your job is just to show them that your content belongs on the list.

Best for: educational content, tools, guides, research

Find broken links on relevant websites (links that point to pages that no longer exist), then reach out to suggest your content as a replacement.

The webmaster has a problem — a broken link — and you are offering a solution. The response rate is much higher than cold "please link to me" emails.

Best for: any site with substantial content that could replace dead pages

HARO and digital PR

HARO (Help a Reporter Out), now largely replaced by Connectively and similar platforms, connects journalists looking for expert sources with people who have expertise to share.

When a journalist quotes you and publishes their story, you often get a link from a major publication. A single hit in Forbes, Business Insider, or a major trade publication can be worth more than a hundred outreach links.

Best for: businesses with genuine expertise and spokespeople who can respond quickly

Guest posting

Writing articles for other websites in exchange for a link back to yours.

Guest posting gets a bad reputation because it is done badly so often. When it is done right — real content, real publications, real editorial standards — it still works. When it is done badly — generic articles submitted to obvious paid post farms — it does absolutely nothing, or worse.

Best for: businesses that can produce genuinely useful industry content

Internship and scholarship links

Universities often link to companies offering internship programmes or scholarships. These are some of the highest-authority links you can get, and the barrier is lower than people think.

Read the full playbook on university backlinks via international internships for the detailed approach.

Best for: businesses willing to offer real opportunities to students

Association and membership links

Industry associations, business associations, chambers of commerce, and professional bodies often link to their members. Some of these links are on pages with DR 70+.

See the association link building playbook for the step-by-step.

Best for: almost any legitimate business — this is low-hanging fruit

Local directories, city marketing pages, regional business networks, press in local media. If you operate in a specific geography, local links are an underused source of high-quality, relevant backlinks.

Best for: businesses with a geographic component


Step 4: Build your linkable assets

You need something worth linking to.

Most link building fails not because the outreach was bad, but because there was nothing genuinely link-worthy to point to.

Ask yourself: why would a website link to this specific page? If you cannot answer that clearly, the page probably will not earn many links.

  • Original data and research — studies, surveys, proprietary datasets. If you have data nobody else has, people cite it.
  • Definitive guides — comprehensive, well-structured guides that genuinely cover a topic better than what already exists.
  • Free tools and calculators — something interactive and useful that people bookmark and reference.
  • Strong opinions and contrarian takes — genuinely interesting arguments that provoke discussion.
  • Case studies — real results, real numbers, real process documentation.
  • Visual assets — infographics, charts, diagrams that others embed and link to.
  • Generic blog posts that repeat what everyone else has said
  • Thin service pages with no depth
  • Content that exists only for SEO ("keyword stuffed" articles with no genuine value)
  • Press releases announcing nothing of note

If your site does not have any link-worthy assets yet, that is your first job. Create one piece of content that deserves to be linked to. One great piece beats ten mediocre ones.


Step 5: Build your prospect list

Prospecting is finding the specific URLs and contacts you are going to reach out to.

Finding prospects

Competitor backlink analysis: Who is linking to your competitors but not to you? Export their backlink profiles and filter for sites that look like genuine prospects.

Search operators: Google is your friend here.

  • inurl:resources "your topic" — resource pages
  • "your topic" + "useful links" — curated link lists
  • intitle:"write for us" "your topic" — guest post opportunities

Ahrefs Content Explorer: Find the most linked-to content in your topic area. The sites linking to those pieces are your prospect pool.

Link intersect tools: Ahrefs and Semrush both have tools that show which sites link to multiple competitors but not to you — highly targeted prospect lists.

Finding contacts

Once you have a URL, you need a contact.

  • Check the "Contact" or "About" page
  • Look for a named editor or site owner
  • Use Hunter.io or Snov.io to find email addresses
  • LinkedIn for direct outreach to named individuals
  • Try the site's Twitter/X if email bounces

Avoid generic info@ addresses wherever possible. A named contact converts significantly better.


Step 6: Write your outreach

Your outreach email has one job: get a reply.

Not a link. A reply. The link comes after the conversation.

The fundamentals:

  1. Use a real name and a real email — a professional domain, not Gmail
  2. Personalise genuinely — one specific reference to their site that shows you actually looked at it
  3. Lead with what is in it for them — not "I have a great article" but "I noticed this link is broken" or "I found something that would fit perfectly in your resources section"
  4. Keep it short — under 150 words for the first email
  5. Make the ask obvious — what exactly are you asking them to do?
  6. Follow up once — after five to seven days, a single polite follow-up. After that, move on.

What to avoid:

  • Generic openers ("I hope this email finds you well")
  • Compliments that are obviously automated ("I love your amazing website!")
  • Attaching your article to the first email
  • Sending from tools with obvious mail-merge tells
  • Following up more than twice

For a detailed breakdown of outreach tactics, see the link building outreach playbook.


Step 7: Track your results

You cannot improve what you do not measure.

Track at minimum:

  • Emails sent per week
  • Reply rate (target: 10–20% for well-targeted campaigns)
  • Positive reply rate (they are interested)
  • Links placed
  • DR and relevance of links placed

In Ahrefs or Semrush, set up alerts for new backlinks so you see them as they appear. Check your referring domain count monthly. Track your target keyword rankings in parallel so you can connect link building activity to ranking movement.

A simple spreadsheet works fine for most teams. Include columns for:

  • Prospect URL
  • Contact name and email
  • Outreach date
  • Reply status
  • Follow-up date
  • Link placed (yes/no)
  • DR of placed link
  • Notes

Honest answer: three to six months before you see consistent ranking movement.

Individual links can start passing equity within days of being crawled. But the cumulative effect of a link building programme takes time to show up in rankings. Google processes signals gradually. Ranking movement from a link campaign is rarely immediate.

Set your expectations accordingly. A link building campaign that starts in June will probably show meaningful results by September or October — not in week two.


Doing it yourself vs hiring help

You can run a link building programme in-house. It takes time, but it is learnable.

The limiting factor is usually outreach volume and relationship bandwidth. A dedicated in-house person doing outreach full-time can place 20–40 quality links per month with the right process. A specialist agency with established relationships and a dedicated team can often move faster.

If you want to outsource this, our link building services are worth a look. We run campaigns across most of the tactics described in this guide, with full transparency on what we are doing and why.


Summary

Here is the process in eight steps:

  1. Audit your current link profile and identify gaps vs competitors
  2. Set targets — DR range, relevance, anchor text distribution
  3. Choose the tactics that fit your situation
  4. Create or identify the linkable assets you will promote
  5. Build a prospecting list of relevant URLs and contacts
  6. Write and send personalised outreach
  7. Follow up once, then move on
  8. Track results and refine

Link building is not magic. It is a systematic process of identifying opportunities, creating value, and building relationships. Do it consistently and the results compound.

Browse the link building strategies guide for deeper dives into individual tactics, or go straight to the playbooks for step-by-step execution guides.